Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dalam Pendidikan Dasar: Visualisasi Tren Penelitian dan Peluang Pengembangan melalui Tinjauan Bibliometrik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i1.296Keywords:
Berpikir kritis, Pendidikan Dasar, VOSviewer, Tinjauan BibliometrikAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tren penelitian terkait kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam pendidikan dasar serta mengungkap peluang pengembangan lebih lanjut. Kemampuan berpikir kritis telah diakui sebagai kompetensi kunci abad ke-21 yang esensial dalam mempersiapkan peserta didik untuk menghadapi tantangan masa depan. Meskipun demikian, penerapan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam konteks pendidikan dasar masih terbatas dan belum optimal. Kesenjangan penelitian ini mendorong dilakukannya systematic review untuk mengeksplorasi tren dan aplikasi terkini dalam topik ini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR), penelitian ini mengidentifikasi 43 publikasi yang relevan dalam database Scopus, dengan 18 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari periode 2019–2023. Proses seleksi dan analisis literatur mengikuti pedoman PRISMA untuk memastikan kualitas hasil, sementara analisis bibliometrik dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer 1.6.20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fluktuasi dalam tren publikasi, dengan puncak tertinggi pada tahun 2019, penurunan signifikan pada tahun 2022, dan sedikit peningkatan kembali pada tahun 2023. Indonesia tercatat sebagai kontributor utama dalam publikasi, diikuti oleh Yordania, Kosovo, Spanyol, Sri Lanka, dan Ukraina. Tema utama yang muncul mencakup keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS), pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL), Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA), dan media pembelajaran adaptif. Analisis pemetaan densitas menunjukkan bahwa metode inovatif seperti pembelajaran RADEC (Read, Analyze, Discuss, and Evaluate) dan penggunaan media adaptif mulai mendapatkan perhatian, meskipun masih terbatas, yang menunjukkan perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah pentingnya integrasi metode pembelajaran inovatif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik di pendidikan dasar. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk menggali pemanfaatan teknologi serta memperkuat kolaborasi internasional dalam pengembangan strategi pembelajaran berpikir kritis.
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