Innovations in 21st Century Education: An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Problem Based Learning on Students’ Learning Autonomy

Authors

  • Jihan Novita Sari UIN Raden Intan Lampung
  • Nur Hiqma Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung
  • Niken Aufa Rafiki Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung
  • Nur Aisyah Finanda Harahap Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung
  • Nirwana Damayanti Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung
  • Nurul Azizah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i3.416

Keywords:

Problem Based Laerning (PBL), learning Independence, Akidah Akhlak

Abstract

Fostering learning independence is a crucial element of the educational process. Nonetheless, many students continue to exhibit a high degree of dependency during learning. This research investigates the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach on the academic performance of 10th-grade students at MAN 2 Bandar Lampung in the Akidah Akhlak subject.Employing a quantitative method, the study adopts a quasi-experimental design known as the Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research population comprises all 310 students enrolled in the 10th grade. The class was selected using a simple random sampling method X.H as the experimental group and class X.I as the control group.Data collection was conducted using a non-test questionnaire consisting of 20 statements aligned with the indicators of self-confidence, activeness, discipline, and responsibility. Data analysis involved normality testing, homogeneity testing, and t-tests.The normality test yielded a significance value of 0.89, while the homogeneity test produced a value of 0.386, confirming that the data met the assumptions of normal distribution and homogeneity. The t-test results showed a t-value of 1.090 with 61 degrees of freedom and a significance level (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.280 and 0.288—both exceeding the 0.05 threshold. These findings suggest that the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in statistical terms. Given the findings that the PBL model did not significantly enhance students’ learning independence, it is recommended that educators refine the implementation of PBL by tailoring teaching strategies to the learners' needs and levels of preparedness. Providing more structured guidance is also essential. Integrating PBL with complementary learning models may further support the development of student autonomy. Additionally, schools are advised to offer professional development for teachers on effective PBL application. Future studies should consider longer implementation periods and include variables such as student motivation and the learning environment to produce more comprehensive insights

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adiilah, I. I., & Haryanti, Y. D. (2023). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPA. Papanda Journal of Mathematics and Science Research, 2(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.56916/pjmsr.v2i1.306

Ananda, S. F. D., & Fauziah, A. N. M. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains Dan Teknologi, 9(2), 390–403. https://doi.org/10.47668/edusaintek.v9i2.491

Andrila, D., Dewi, S. F., Anwar, S., & Montessori, M. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kemandirian Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Blended Learning. Refleksi Edukatika : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 13(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.24176/re.v13i1.7398

Aprila, B., & Fajar, A. A. (2022). Pembelajaran Model Problem Based Learning Untuk Mengembangkan Kemandirian Belajar Dan Hubungannya Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Dan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMP. Pasundan Journal of Mathematics Education : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.23969/pjme.v12i1.5408

Ardianti, R., Sujarwanto, E., & Surahman, E. (2021a). DIFFRACTION: Journal for Physics Education and Applied Physics Problem-based Learning: Apa dan Bagaimana. DIFFRACTION: Journal for Physics Education and Applied Physics, 3(1), 27–35. http://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/Diffraction

Ardianti, R., Sujarwanto, E., & Surahman, E. (2021b). Problem-based Learning: Apa dan Bagaimana. DIFFRACTION: Journal for Physics Education and Applied Physics, 3(1), 27–35.

Astikawati, N., Tegeh, I., & Warpala, I. (2020). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Ipa Terpadu Dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Teknologi Pembelajaran Indonesia, 10(2), 76–85.

Aulia, P., Kuswanto, A. V., Pahrudin, A., & Irawan, R. (2024). Motivasi Mahasiswa PAI dalam Proses Penyelesaian Skripsi : Hubungannya dengan Emotional Quotient. Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, Dan Sains, 13(2), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.19109/intelektualita.v13i2.25546

Auliah, F. N., Febriyanti, N., & Rustini, T. (2023). Analisis Hambatan Guru dalam Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning pada Pembelajaran IPS Kelas IV di SDN 090 Cibiru Bandung. Journal on Education, 5(2), 2025–2033. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i2.846

Aziz, M. A., & Astuti, S. (2023). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dan Project Based Learning Ditinjau Dari Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Siswa Kelas V SD. Tunas: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 8(2), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.33084/tunas.v8i2.5084

Cicilia Emita, & Samuel Lukas. (2022). The Effect of Learning Independence, Self-Regulation, and Social Support on Learning Achievement among Psychology Department Students X University in Covid-19 Pandemic Era. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 24(3), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v24i3.28814

Destrianjasari, S., Khodijah, N., & Suryana, E. (2022). Pengertian, Teori Dan Konsep, Ruang Lingkup Isu-Isu Kontemporer Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8(2), 1748–1757. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v8i2.3304

Dewi, F., Anggraini, P., Ana, V., Setyawati, V., Dian, U., & Semarang, N. (2022). Pembelajaran Statistika Menggunakan Software SPSS untuk Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 6491–6504.

Fannisa Rahmadani, & Sudianto Manullang. (2024). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa SMP. ALFIHRIS : Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan, 2(4), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.59246/alfihris.v2i4.994

Fitria, H., Nurjanah, S., & Saptono, A. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based E-Learning dan Adversity Quotient terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi (Studi Eksperimen di SMAN Jakarta Utara). Indonesian Journal of Economy, Business, Entrepreneuship and Finance /, 3(1), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.53067/ijebef

Ilahi, I., Rizal, F., & Irfan, D. (2021). Kemandirian Dan Motivasi Belajar Dalam Menggunakan Edmodo Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan, 19(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.31571/edukasi.v19i1.2322

Khakim, N., Mela Santi, N., Bahrul U S, A., Putri, E., & Fauzi, A. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar PPKn Di SMP YAKPI 1 DKI Jaya. Jurnal Citizenship Virtues, 2(2), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.37640/jcv.v2i2.1506

Khoiriyyah, N., Qomaria, N., Ahied, M., Rendy, D. B., Putera, A., & Sutarja, M. C. (2022). Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Dengan Pendekatan Steam Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. VEKTOR: Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 3(2), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.35719/vektor.v3i2.61

Mariskhantari, M., Karma, I. N., & Nisa, K. (2022). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Pembelajaran IPA Kelas IV SDN 1 Beleka Tahun 2021/2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 7(2b), 710–716. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i2b.613

Murdilah, U., & Farhurohman, O. (2025). Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa.

Ningtiyas, P. W., & Surjanti, J. (2021). Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Terhadap Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Pada Pembelajaran Daring Dimasa Covid-19. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(4), 1660–1668. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i4.630

Noviani, A., Nasution, F., & Arfi, lisa dwi. (2023). Pengaruh Pembelajaran PBL Dengan Setting Kooperatif Jigsaw Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa. Relevan: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 3(4), 537–541.

Novitasari, Amran, M., & Syahrani, S. (2021). Penerapan model PBL untuk meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa kelas V SDN Panyikkokang II. Pinisi: Journal of Teacher Professional, 3(17), 102–106. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/TPJ

Novitriani, G., Azizah, N., Hijriah, U., & Terna, R. (2024). Learning Interest : How Effective Is Kahoot-Based Learning Model? Jurnal Inspiratif Pendidikan, 13(2), 34–48.

Nurfahrani, N., Hayati, L., Lu’luilmaknun, U., & Kurniati, N. (2023). Pengaruh Model PBL terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 23 Mataram. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 8(4), 2403–2407. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v8i4.1831

Nurfalah, E. (2022). Model PBL dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa. Jurnal Riset Pembelajaran Matematika, 1(2), 2684–6810. http://journal.unirow.ac.id/index.php/jrpm

Nuryanto, A., & Ramadani, R. (2022). Learning independence and teacher teaching skills: Does it affect learning outcomes when face-to-face learning is limited. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 12(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v12i2.50603

Prasetyo, M. I., Azizah, N., Akmansyah, Muhammad Hijriyah, U., & Yusnita, E. (2024). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa …. Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, Dan Sains, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.19109/intelektualita.v30i2.25575

Purba, E. P. U., Karnasih, I., & Ariswoyo, S. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Matematika dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa di SMA Inti Nusantara Tebng Tinggi. Jurnal MathEducation Nusantaraf, 3(2), 88–96.

Putri, Y. A., Susetyo, B., & Tarsidi, I. (2021). Analysis of Learning Independence of Children with Special Needs. Jassi Anakku, 22(1), 41–44. https://doi.org/10.17509/jassi.v22i1.34066

Rombe, Y. P., -, M. M., Alberta, F., -, R. Y., & Surbakti, P. S. (2021). Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (Problem Based Learning) Secara Online Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Undiksha, 5(2), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpk.v5i2.38402

Salamudin, C., & Utami, S. R. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (Problem-Based Learning) Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Pada Mata …. Masagi, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.37968/masagi.v2i1.402

Sele, Y., Sila, V. U. R., Oetpah, F., & Kabnani, Y. (2023). Students’ Learning Independence from Different Specialization Classes: A Comparative Study. Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus, 9(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v9i1.3925

Sembiring, I., & Wardani, H. (2021). Analisis Kemandirian Belajar dan Kecemasan Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Gender Sisiwa. Jurnal MathEducation Nusantara, 4(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.54314/jmn.v4i2.151

Suhayati, Syachruroji, & Nulhakim, L. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Ipa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Citra Bakti, 11(2), 526–538. https://doi.org/10.38048/jipcb.v11i2.3157

Susilawati, Asril, Z., & Zukdi, I. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Somatic , Auditory , Visualization , Intelectually ( Savi ) Dan Problem Based Learning ( Pbl ) Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Siswa Di Mtsn 4 Padang. Tadris, 18(01), 83–98.

Syaadah, R., Ary, M. H. A. A., Silitonga, N., & Rangkuty, S. F. (2023). Pendidikan Formal, Pendidikan Non Formal Dan Pendidikan Informal. Pema (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 2(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.56832/pema.v2i2.298

Wardani, L. K., Fatmawati, L., Berliana, S., Oktaviana, H., Ismaya, E. A., & Fakhriyah, F. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Mata Pelajaran IPA. AIJER: Algazali International Journal Of Educational Research, 6(1), 8–15.

Wijanarko, T., & Taofik, T. (2022). Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 7(2), 527–540.

Winahyu, F. H., Nulhakim, L., & Rumanta, M. (2024). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berdiferensiasi dan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i1.6351

Winata, R., Friantini, R. N., & Astuti, R. (2021). Kemandirian belajar dan Kedisipilinan Belajar terhadap Prestasi Mahasiswa pada Perkuliahan Daring. JURNAL E-DuMath, 7(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.52657/je.v7i1.1343

Wulandari, T., & Firmansyah, I. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Pbl (Problem Based Learning) Terhadap Kemandirian Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Ipa Kelas 4 Di UPTD SDN Burneh 1. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 09(2), 5173–5177.

Zainal, nur fitria. (2022). Problem Based Learning pada Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar/ Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(3), 3584–3593.

Additional Files

Published

2025-07-04

 

How to Cite

Novita Sari, J., Hiqma , N., Rafiki, N. A., Harahap, N. A. F., Damayanti, N., & Azizah, N. (2025). Innovations in 21st Century Education: An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Problem Based Learning on Students’ Learning Autonomy. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 7(3), 1492 – 1506. https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i3.416

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Authors

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>