Tantangan dan Rekomendasi Pengembangan Kecerdasan Spiritual: Perspektif Al-Quran melalui Lensa Teori Al-Attas dan Al-Ghazali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i4.612Keywords:
al-Attas dan al-Ghazali, Al-Qur’an, Islamisasi ilmu, Kecerdasan spiritual, tazkiyah al-nafsAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis pengembangan kecerdasan spiritual dalam perspektif Islam dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Al-Qur’an melalui pemikiran Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas dan Abu Hamid al-Ghazali. Konteks permasalahan penelitian berangkat dari krisis spiritual modern yang ditandai oleh dominasi materialisme, sekularisasi pengetahuan, serta melemahnya orientasi tauhid dalam kehidupan kontemporer. Menggunakan metode kualitatif berbasis studi literatur, data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran buku-buku primer karya al-Attas dan al-Ghazali, artikel jurnal bereputasi, serta kajian tafsir tematik terkait kecerdasan spiritual. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi dan analisis isi (content analysis). Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis tematik (thematic analysis) untuk mengidentifikasi kategori, pola gagasan, dan integrasi konsep antara kedua tokoh tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa krisis spiritual terjadi karena pemisahan ilmu dari nilai-nilai tauhid, yang menyebabkan disorientasi moral dan hilangnya kedalaman makna hidup. Al-Attas menekankan pentingnya Islamisasi ilmu dan peneguhan adab sebagai fondasi pemurnian akal, sedangkan al-Ghazali menekankan tazkiyah al-nafs dan ihsan sebagai proses penyucian hati menuju kesadaran Ilahi. Integrasi keduanya menghasilkan model pengembangan kecerdasan spiritual yang menyeimbangkan dimensi intelektual, moral, dan spiritual. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan pendidikan berbasis Qur’ani yang menumbuhkan nilai-nilai adab, refleksi kritis, dan kesadaran ketuhanan untuk menjawab tantangan spiritual global masa kini
Downloads
References
Afif, M. B. (2022). Epistemologi Islamisasi Ilmu Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Islam, J-ALIF: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dan Sosial Budaya, 7(2), 107–122. https://journal.lppm-unasman.ac.id/index.php/jalif/article/view/3735/pdf
Ali, J. A. (2022). Modernity, It’s Crisis and Islamic Revivalism. Religions, 14(1), 1–15. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/14/1/15
Awaluddin, R. Z. S., Okvani Kartika, R., & Lessy, Z. (2024). Kecerdasan Spiritual dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam Perspektif Hadis. Saliha: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 7(2), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.54396/saliha.v7i2.1231
Azizah, A. N. (2023). Epistemologi Pemikiran Islam Menurut Abid Al-Jabiri. Jurrafi: Jurnal Riset Rumpun Agama Dan Filsafat, 2(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrafi.v2i1.1025
Bahtiar, A., Rizal, S., Roisyah, H., & Angkananon, C. (2025). Integrating Eco-Sufi Values into Environmental Education through the Adiwiyata Madrasah Program. Journal of Islamic Education Research, 6(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.35719/jier.v6i3.486
Desfita, V., Salminawati, & Usiono. (2024). Integration of Science in The Perspective of Islamic Education Philosophy and It’s Implication in Relizing Holistic Education. Jurnal As-Salam, 8(2), 114–134. https://jurnal-assalam.org/index.php/JAS/article/view/714/310
Fernadi, M. F. (2025). Discourse of Contemporary Islamic Education: Dichotomy, Islamization, and Integration of Science. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 6(3), 479–490. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v7i1.1988
Fidelis, A., Moreira, A. C., & Vitória, A. (2024). Multiple Perspectives of Spiritual Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100879
Fitriyani, F. N., Kurniawan, S., Suratman, B., Taufik, E. T., & Djusmalinar, D. (2024). Santri’s Spiritual Resilience at Pesantren Mahasiswa of the Institut Daarul Qur’an Jakarta: Capturing Living Sufism amid Modern Society. Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, 13(2), 213–238. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v13i2.23559
Giantara, F., M, A., & Bakar, A. (2022). Tantangan Transformatif PAI di Era Kontemporer Perspektif Kecerdasan Spiritual-Sosial. Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 19(1), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-mutharahah.v19i1.257
Haidary, A., Haq, A., & Faruqi, A. (2024). Islamic Worldview as a Basis for Islamization of Science Concept According to Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Jurnal Kalam : Jurnal Fakultas Ushuluddin & Studi Agama, 18(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.24042/002024181145700
Hasib, K., Zarkasyi, A. F., & Muslih, M. K. (2024). Intuition According to Imam al-Ghazali and Its Role as Methods of Acquiring Knowledge. Jurnal Kalam: Jurnal Fakultas Ushuluddin & Studi Agama, 18(1), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.24042/002024181880100
Ichwan, M. N., & Salisu, A. (2024). Reevaluating Qur’anic Hermeneutics: A Comparative Analysis Between Classical Tafsir and Modern Hermeneutical Approaches. Jurnal Kalam: Jurnal Fakultas Ushuluddin & Studi Agama, 18(2), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.24042/kalam.v18i2.24213
Imamuddin, M., Isnaniah, I., & Ismail, I. (2023). The Role Of Spiritual Intelligence Of Students In Mathematical Learning. FIKROTUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Manajemen Islam, 12(01), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.32806/jf.v12i01.6210
Irawan, A. W., Solehuddin, M., Ilfiandra, I., & Yulindrasari, H. (2023). Building a Culture of Peace in Education: An Exploration of Al-Ghazali’s Thoughts on Inner and Social Peace. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education, 5(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.21093/sajie.v5i2.6346
Jannah, M. (2022). The Islamization Process by Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas and Its Relevance on Islamic Science. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 3(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.30984/kijms.v3i2.61
Khadavi, J., Nizar, A., & Syahri, A. (2023). Increasing The Effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education Learning in Building Students’s Spiritual Intelligence. International Journal of Islamic Thought and Humanities, 2(2), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v2i2.104
Khikamuddin, M., Ainiyah, M., & Anwar, M. K. (2024). Al-Ghazali’s Eco-Sufism for Environmental Preservation: Living Sufism at Pesantren Al-Anwar 3 of Central Java. Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, 13(1), 133–160. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v13i1.22139
Khotimah, K., Solikhah, A., & Maulana, Z. A. (2024). Virtual Sufism Identity in Majelis Kalbun Salim (MKS). In Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism (Vol. 13, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v13i2.23598
Kosim, M., Kustati, M., & Murkilim. (2020). Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas1 Ideas on the Islamization of Knowledge and Its Relevance With Islamic Education in Indonesia. Miqot: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 44(2), 250–267. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v44i2.724
Layalia, S. A. (2025). Al-Ghazālī’s Perspective on Human Spiritual Components: Heart, Spirit, Soul, and Intellect. Al-Falasifah: Journal of Philosophy and Islamic Studies, 1(1), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.58988/jab.v4i1.291.2
Majid, A. A., & Aljunied, K. (2023). Some Reflections on the Islamization of Knowledge. Al-Shajarah ISTAC Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 28(2), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v28i2.1721
Malyuna, S. I., & Lubis, M. (2023). Integritas Materi Pembelajaran Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan Dalam Mencegah Dekadnsi Moral di Era Digital. Hikmah, 20(1), 92–104. https://e-jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/hikmah/article/view/197/140
Maulana, I. (2020). Pengembangan Kecerdasan Spiritual Melalui Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Peserta Didik Madrasah Aliyah oleh Irpan Maulana. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 6(1), 100–204. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i2.594
Mewar, M. R. A. (2021). Krisis Moralitas Pada Remaja di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Perspektif: Jurnal Pendidikan, Politik, Budaya, Manajemen, Komunikasi, Pemerintah, Humaniora Dan Ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.53947/perspekt.v1i2.47
Mukminin, A., Hanun, A., Zainuddin, Musthofa, M. L., & Wassalwa, A. (2025). Integration of Bayani, Burhani and Irfani Epistemologies in Arabic Language Learning in Islamic Boarding School-Based Colleges. Asalibuna, 09(01), 91–107. https://doi.org/10.30762/asalibuna.v9i01.5292
Muzammil, A., Syamsuri, & Alfarisi, A. H. (2022). Bayani , Irfani and Burhani Epistemology as the Basic of Science Development in Islam. Al-Irfan: Journal of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies, 5(2), 284–302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36835/alirfan.v5i2.5773
Nafisah, A., Qiso, A. A., Davik, & Muttaqin, M. (2023). Konsep Pendidikan Islam Dalam Pandangan Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. JKPI: Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 4(1), 174–186. https://doi.org/10.32806/jkpi.v4i1.319
Nur Izzah, A., Sodiq, A., & Khalimi. (2024). Internalization of Islamic Religious Values Based on Muhasabah To Increase Students’ Spiritual IntelligenceIntelligence Article Info. Arfannur: Journal of Islamic Education, 5(3), 193–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24260/arfannur.v5i3.3594
Nurani, S., Maulana, L., & Purwati, E. (2022). Living Qur’an as New Market Trends of Islamic Education in Indonesia. Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 6(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/hayula.006.01.01
Pahlawati, F., Amin, A., Munip, A., Wardono, B. H., & Rozak, A. (2025). The Integration of Al-Ghazali’s Ta’dib Framework in Shaping the Contemporary Pesantren Curriculum: Insights from Indonesia. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 33(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.24014/Jush.v33i2.38008
Saepudin, A. (2022). Islamic Education in the Context of Globalization: Facing the Challenges of Secularism and Materialism. International Journal of Science and Society, 4(1), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i1.1268
Saputra, A. D., Rahmatia, A., & Azhar, A. (2022). Application of Islamic Spiritual Intelligence as a MSME Strategy in Post-Pandemic. International Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBEC), 6(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.28918/ijibec.v6i2.5701
Saputra, R. A., & Subki, S. (2024). Integration of Quranic Values in Learning Strategies: Review of Interpretation and Implementation. Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 15(2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.53802/fitrah.v15i2.921
Shadiqin, S. I., & Jamil, S. (2024). Mediatisasi Sufisme: Otoritas, Komunitas, dan Autentisitas Tasawuf di Dunia Maya. Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 26(2), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.22373/substantia.v26i2.26654
Sholehuddin, M. S., Mucharomah, M., Atqia, W., & Aini, R. (2023). Developing Children’s Islamic Spiritual Intelligence in the Digital Age: Indonesian Family Education Methods. International Journal of Instruction, 16(1), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16120a
Wachidah, K., Sa’ud, U. S., Novita, D., Fediyanto, N., & Susilo, J. (2021). The Harmonization of Spiritual and Intellectual Intelligence in Education for Gifted Children Based on Islamic Theological Perspective. Proceedings of the 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020), 535(1972), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210304.032
Wahab, M. A. (2022). Islamic Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship to Eternal Happiness: A Conceptual Paper. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01485-2
Wulandari, E., Verlantika, E., & Khusnadi, M. H. (2021). The Concept of Tazkiyat al-Nafs by Al-Ghazali as a Method in Moral Education. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2), 368–373. https://journal.iaimnumetrolampung.ac.id/index.php/ji/article/view/5954
Wulansari, N. M. D. (2017). Didiklah Anak Sesuai Zamannya: Mengoptimalkan Potensi Anak di Era Digital (T. Pustaka (ed.)).
Yuwono, A. A., & Nurhuda, A. (2024). Warisan Al-Attas : Menghidupkan Kembali Islamisasi Ilmu. At-Tarbawi: Jurnal Kajian Kependidikan Islam, 9(2), 131–148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22515/attarbawi.v9i2.10261
Zakiy, A., & Murdan, M. N. (2022). Interpretasi Makna Nafs dalam QS. Al Syams Ayat 7-10 (Studi Analisis Tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghayb Karya Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi). Pappasang : Jurnal Studi Al Quran-Hadis Dan Pemikiran Islam, 4(2), 87–108. https://jurnal.stainmajene.ac.id/index.php/pappasang/article/view/445/250
Zhou, Z., Tavan, H., Kavarizadeh, F., Sarokhani, M., & Sayehmiri, K. (2024). The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence, and Student Achievement: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05208-5
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
