Valorization of African Elemi Shell Waste Into Porous Hydrochar Via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Carbon Capture Applications

Authors

  • Calistus Princewill Odeh Nnamdi Azikiwe University
  • Chibuzo Ndubuisi Okoye Nnamdi Azikiwe University
  • Sunday Chimezie Anyaora Nnamdi Azikiwe University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v8i3.836

Keywords:

biomass, hydrochar, surface area, pore volume, capture, carbonization

Abstract

Because of the world's rapid expansion, more biomass waste is being produced as a result of increased agricultural and industrial processing activities. It is imperative that these waste materials be transformed into a product that can stimulate the economy and create wealth. In this task, African elemi shells are hydrothermally carbonized to produce hydro-char using locally sourced biomass waste. In order to create a hydro-char of higher quality for the adsorbent, the Response Surface Method was used to design the experiment. A design expert chose the parameters based on temperature, residence time, and W-B ratio. The combination of 220 °C reaction temperature, 90 minutes’ residence time, and 12 grams W-B ratio produced the hydro-char with the largest specific surface area (976.3 m2/g) and pore volume (2.25 cc/g). The combination of 180 °C reaction temperature, 30 minutes’ residence time, and 8 grams’ water-biomass ratio produced the hydro-char with the smallest specific surface area and pore volume (156.2 m2g-1 and 0.13 cc/g, respectively). According to the findings, the hydrochar made from HTC of African Elemi Shell at reaction temperatures of 2180C, residence times of 86 minutes, and a water-to-biomass ratio of 10.3 grams can be used as an adsorbent for CO2 capture.

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Published

2026-08-12

 

How to Cite

Odeh, C. P., Okoye , C. N., & Anyaora, S. C. (2026). Valorization of African Elemi Shell Waste Into Porous Hydrochar Via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Carbon Capture Applications. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 8(3), 1070–1084. https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v8i3.836

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI)

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Articles

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